Hold downs

Japanese	English
Ashi-gatame	Hold-down with leg
Kami-shiho-gatame	Upper four quarters
Kata-gatame	Shoulder hold
Kesa-gatame	Scarf hold
Kuzure	Broken (variation)
Mune gatame	Chest hold
Tate-shiho-gatame	Lengthways locking four quarters
Ushiro kesa-gatame	Reverse scarf hold
Yoko-shiho-gatame	Side four quarters

Arm locks

Japanese	English
Ashi-garami	Leglock (kneelock)
Hiza gatame	Knee arm lock
Juji gatame	Cross leg arm lock
Sangyaku gatame	Triangular locking
Ude garami	Bent arm lock
Ude gatame	Straight arm lock

Strangles

Japanese	English
Gyaku-juji-jime	Reverse strangle
Hadaka jime	Naked strangle
Kata-ha-jime	Single wing lock
Kata-juji-jime	One in/one out strangle
Nami-juji-jime	Normal strangle
Okuri-eri-jime	Sliding lapel strangle

Techniques

Japanese	English
Ashi Waza	Foot or leg technique
Ashi-waza	The group of foot techniques
Go shin jutsu	The art of self protection
Kansetsu-waza	The group of joint locking techniques (only armlocks permitted in judo)
Katame-waza	The group of control-techniques (grappling techniques)
Koshi-waza	The group of hip techniques
Kumikata	The technique of grappling between two contestants
Nage-waza	The group of throwing techniques
Ne-waza	The group of mat techniques
Osae-komi-waza	The group of holddown techniques
Renrakuwaza	Combination technique
Shime-waza	The group of strangling techniques
Sutemi-waza	The group of sacrificing techniques
Tachi-waza	The group of standing techniques
Te-waza	The group of hand techniques

Etiquette

Japanese	English
Kyoshi	Kneel, to stand on the knees
Ritsu-rei	Standing greeting/bow
Seiza	Kneel down
Sensei-Ni-Rei	Bowing to instructor grade
Suwaru	Sit down
Tachi-rei	Standing bow
Tatsuti	Stand up
Za-rei	Kneeling bow

Grading

Japanese	English
Go-dan	5th dan
Go-kyu	5th Kyu (yellow belt)
Hachi-dan	8th dan
Ichi-dan / sho-dan	1st dan
Ik-kyu / schi-kyu	1st Kyu (brown belt)
Ju-dan	10th dan
Ku-dan	9th dan
Ni-dan	2nd dan
Ni-kyu	2nd Kyu (blue belt)
Roku-dan	6th dan
Roku-kyu	6th Kyu (white belt)
San-dan	3rd dan
San-kyu	3rd Kyu (green belt)
Shichi-dan	7th dan
Shi-dan/yo-dan	4th dan
Shi-kyu/yon-kyu	4th Kyu (orange belt)
Yudansha	One who is dan-ranked, has a black belt

Katas

Japanese	English
Gono-sen-no-kata	Forms of counter technique
Itsutsu-no-kata	Forms of five (the five principles/elements)

Refereeing

Japanese	English
Awasete ippon	‘It gives a point’ (Ippon = 10 point victory)
Chui	Caution: -5 points
Fusen gachi	Win by default
Hansoku-make	Loss by disqualification: -10 points
Hantei	Call for Judges decision at end of contest
Hikki-wake	A draw in a contest
Ippon	One point (10 point victory in contest)
Jikan	Time (‘Stop the watch!’ - Used in matches)
Keiken gachi	Win by withdrawal
Keikoku	Severe penalty: -7 points
Koka	Minor point: 3 points
Matte	Stop, wait (stop both clock and contest)
Osae-komi	Holddown, valid holddown technique (in fight)
Shido	Note: -3 points
Sogo gachi	Compound win
Sono-mama	Freeze, Don’t move, Lie still
Sore-made	‘That is all’ (end of contest)
Toketa	Hold is broken
Waza-ari	Half a point (half the value) 7 point score
Waza-Ari Awaseti-ippon	Two 7 point scores equal full 10 points win
Yoshi	Resume/continue (used in match after sono-mama)
Yuko	5 point score
Yusei-gachi	Victory because of superiority (decision win)

General

Japanese	English
Age	Raise, lift
Ashi	Leg, foot
Atama	Head
Ate	Stroke
Atemi	Attack with strokes and kicks
Ayumi	Pace, movement
Ayumi-ashi	Walk with mat contact
Barai (harai)	Sweep
Basami	Scissors, claw
Budo	Martial arts
Butsukari	Form of randori in which one does the attacking
Dan	Step grade (master rank, black belt)
De	Come out, walk forwards,advance
Do	Way, principle, teaching
Do-jime	Action of body scissors
Dojo	Judo hall
Dori (tori)	Grip, hold on (the attacking one)
Ebi	Crab, lobster
Eri	Collar, lapel
Fusegi	Escape
Gaeshi (kaeshi)	Counter, turn
Gake	Hook, hang, block
Garami	Bend, turn, entangle
Gari	Reaping as with a scythe, small sweep
Gasshuku	Judo students lodging together for training
Gatame (katame)	Harden, tighten (hold stuck, control)
Geiko (keiko)	Exercise
Gesa (kesa)	Scarf, sash
Gokyu	The forty throws in Judo
Goshi (koshi)	Hip
Guruma	Wheel
Gyaku	Reverse, opposite, upside down
Ha	Wing
Hadaka	Naked, free
Hajime	Begin, start
Hane	Spring
Hara	Stomach, abdomen
Harai (barai)	Sweep
Hazumi	Moment, instant
Hidari	Left
Hidari-jigotai	Left defence position
Hidari-shizentai	Left basic position
Hiji	Elbow
Hikki	To pull
Hishigi	Crush, break, dislocate
Hiza	Knee
Hon	Basic, main
Ichi	One, first
Idori	Sitting
Ikioi	Speed, motive power
Jigo	Defend, avert, resist
Jigotai	Defensive posture
Jime (shime)	Strangle, choke, necklock
Jitsu (jutsu)	Art, technique
Jiu (ju)	Gentle, compliant
Jiu-jitsu (ju-jutsu)	‘The art of gentleness’ (Japanese fighting art The basis of judo)
Joseki	The place in a dojo where the seniors or VIPs sit
Ju	Soft, gentle
Judo	‘The way of gentleness’, ‘The way that leads to skill’
Judogi	Judo suit
Judoka	One who practices judo
Juji	Cross
Kaeshi (gaeshi)	Counter, turn
Kai, Kwai	Club, Society
Kakari	Attack
Kake	The execution of a throw
Kami	Upper, on top
Kani	Crayfish
Kansetsu	Lock
Kanuki	Bolt
Kao	Face
Kata	Shoulder/Form/Single
Katame (gatame)	Harden, tighten
Keiko (geiko)	Exercise/practice
Kesa (gesa)	Scarf, clothing
Kiai	Show of spirit
Kiri	Cut, split
Ko	Minor, small
Kodokan	Judo headquarters in Tokyo, Japan
Koshi (goshi)	Hip
Kubi	Neck
Kumi	Grab
Kuruka, garuma	Wheel
Kuzushi	The method of breaking an opponent’s balance
Kyu	Student grade
Ma	Straight
Mae/Sempo	Front
Mae-ukemi	Forwards fall
Maitta	‘I give up!’
Maki	To wind, wrap
Makura	Pillow
Mata	Thigh
Migi	Right
Migi-jigotai	Right defence position
Migi-shizentai	Right basic position
Mizu	Water
Mokuso	Kneel, sit on ones knees No actions, no thoughts
Mon	Junior grade
Morote	Double handed, both hands, two hands
Mune	Chest
Nage	Throw
Name	Wave (of water)
Nami	Normal, ordinary, in line, in a row
Naname	Diagonally downwards
Ne	Floor, lying down
O	Major, big
Obi	Belt
Okuri	Sliding
Osae	To hold down
Oshi	To push
Otoshi	Let fall, drop
Randori	Free training, practice, fight training
Rei	Greet, bow
Renraku/rensoku	Combination
Renshu	Free practice of exercise
Ryo	Two, both
Ryote	Two hands
Ryu	Method or style
Ryugi	School, education method
Sabaki	Turn, defend, escape
Sai-on-ara	Goodbye
Samurai	Japanese warrior class
San	Mr/Mrs (placed after the person’s name)
Sangyaku	Triangular
Sasae	Support, hold, block
Sempo/Mae	Front/forward
Sensei	Insructor/Teacher
Seoi	Back, To carry on ones back
Shiai	Contest
Shiaijo	Contest Hall
Shihan	Great master/doctor
Shiho	Four sides, directions, points or corners
Shime (jime)	Strangle, choke, necklock
Shintai	Advance/draw back movements in proportion to the opponent
Shisei	Position
Shitai	Bearing, position
Shizen	Natural
Shizentai	Natural position
Sode	Sleeve
Sode-dori	To grab the sleeve
Soto	Outer
Sukui	‘Shuffle’ or ‘spoon’ movement, scoop
Sumi	Corner, angle
Suri-age	Lift/glide
Sutemi	Sacrifice (One self, ones position)
Tachi-ai	Standing
Tai	Body
Tai sabaki	Body turn - movements in proportion to the opponent
Tani	Valley
Tatami	Judo mat
Tate	Lengthways
Te	Hand
Tomoe	Arch
Tori	Attacker
Tsugi-ashi	‘Following foot’ - walk where foot follows foot
Tsuki-nami-shiai	Graduating/promotion fight
Tsukuri	The entry/preparation for a throw
Tsuri	Grab, catch
Tsuri-komi	Pull towards oneself
Uchi	Stroke/inner, inside
Uchi-komi	Practice without throwing
Ude	Arm
Uke	Defender, the one who is being attacked/thrown
Ukemi	Falling technique
Uki	Floating, unbalanced, out of control
Ura	Rear
Ushiro/Gyaku	Reverse, rear, from behind
Utsuri	Change, changing
Uwage	Gi jacket
Wakare	Seperation, tear, pull
Waki	Armpit
Waza	Technique/art
Yaku-soku	Agreement
Yaku-soku-geiko	Agreed exercise
Yoko	Side, sideways, to the side
Za	Sit/Place
Zori	Judo slippers
Zubon	Gi trousers